• Pathology of the kidneys (urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, abscess and cysts of the kidney, paranephritis, apostematosis, benign tumors, congenital anomalies of development, ectopy of the kidney, nephroptosis, kidney injuries, etc.)

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• Pathology of the ureter (developmental anomalies, injuries of the ureter, urolithiasis with obstruction of the ureters, strictures, stenosis and diverticula of the ureters, oncological neoplasms, etc.)

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• Bladder pathology (cystitis, bladder stones, neurogenic bladder, congenital organ defects, injuries, benign and malignant tumors, fistulas, bladder diverticula, etc.)

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• Pathology of the urethra (urethritis, strictures, stenosis of the urethra, paraurethral cysts, urethrocele, anomalies of organ development, obstruction of the urethra by a stone or tumor, injuries of the urethra, etc.)

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• Prostate pathology (prostatitis, adenoma and prostate cancer, etc.)

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• Pathology of the male genital organs (orchitis, epididymitis, vesiculitis, balanoposthitis, hypospadias, phimosis, paraphimosis, cryptorchidism, varicocele, hydrocele, congenital anomalies of development, genital injuries, etc.)

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• Surgical pathology of the adrenal glands (cysts, abscesses, gland tumors)

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• Diseases of the retroperitoneal space

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